Paul Abraham Dukas (1865 - 1935) was a Parisian-born French composer and teacher of classical music. From a French-Jewish family, he studied under Théodore Dubois and Ernest Guiraud at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he became friends with the composer Claude Debussy. After completing his studies Dukas found work as a music critic and orchestrator; he was unusually gifted in orchestration. Although Dukas wrote a fair amount of music, he was perfectionistic and destroyed many of his pieces out of dissatisfaction with them. Only a few of his compositions remain. His first surviving work of note is the energetic Symphony (1896), which belongs to the tradition of Beethoven and César Franck.